Dubbed a “rock star” by The Economist, Greenspan achieved an unprecedented level of celebrity for a Fed chairman as stocks soared to record levels in the 1990s, and then notoriety, as his legacy was undermined by the Great Recession that began in 2008, less than two years after he left office. He was the second-longest serving chairman of the Federal Reserve (after William McChesney Martin). $35.Īt age 92, Alan Greenspan remains a towering figure in American finance. In general sense, Schumpeter’s entrepreneurship is more relatable in developed economies than in the underdeveloped economies.CAPITALISM IN AMERICA A History By Alan Greenspan and Adrian Wooldridge Illustrated.
However, Schumpeter’s works are based on the assumptions that there is a positive environment for becoming a entrepreneur like existence of sufficient capital, developed banking system and high level technology. People are also more prone to change resulting in lesser opposition to entrepreneurship. More and more big enterprises are appointing special teams to develop innovative technology. But society rationalizes with entrepreneurship. He said that many institutional factors weakened the entrepreneurship and is leading to stagnation of capitalism. In the later years of his career, Schumpeter’s views shifted from economic theory of sociology when he analysed that effect of institutional structure of society on entrepreneurial function. Money is not sufficient to motivate an entrepreneur, according to his works. He says that motivation comes under the field of psychology and is not related to the economic theory. First one is the dream and desire to find out a private kingdom, second one is the will to conquer it and the last one is the joy of creating something new. He opines that there are three important elements that motivate entrepreneur. Schumpeter’s second typology is about the motivation of entrepreneurs. By this, he explained that entrepreneurship can be stated as forming new combinations of already existing materials and forces.
He attempted to develop number of economic theories including capital, credit and business cycle interconnecting them to the theory of entrepreneurship. Schumpeter said that changes in the economy initiated by entrepreneurs gradually work at their own through the economic system forming business cycle. This theory of Schumpeter’s is completely different from what earlier economists have said. One of the key points in the Schumpeter’s theory is that aggressive entrepreneur breaks the circular flow and strengthen the idea of innovation and succeeds against obstacles of established firms.Īll significant changes in the economy are introduced by entrepreneurs according to Schumpeter’s new economic theory.
According to Schumpeter’s economic theoretical analysis, the idea of capitalist process can be stated that circular flow is disturbed and altered by innovators and their imitators. Schumpeter’s first typology says that entrepreneurs create new products, new modes of production, finds new source of supply of raw materials, creates new markets and also develops new industrial organization. He opined that when entrepreneur innovates extraordinary things, he needs fresh guidance to proceed further. Schumpeter pointed out that ordinary economic behaviour is more or less automatic, entrepreneurs on the other hand has always to think innovative. His theory of entrepreneurship directly says that entrepreneurship is innovation. Joseph Schumpeter, an eminent economist published many works on entrepreneurship.